According to an OECD report, drug expenditure in OECD countries increased on average by 32% y/y between 1998 and 2003. The growth was driven by increased consumption of drugs but also higher prices. The Czech Republic ranks above the OECD average in terms of drug expenditure as a portion of total healthcare costs (22% vs. 18%). In 2003, the Czech Republic ranked below the OECD average in terms of drug expenditure per head (USD 284 vs. USD 366).